Mestiza Whitening Soap Essay

Whitening Soap have the distinct smell and have usually and orange color. Papaya also contains enzyme that will give our skin more refreshing. Papaya soap contains three main ingredients; papaya extract, papaya juice, and pulp. The three ingredients will be combine during the soap manufacturing. Vitamins C and A are highly concentrated in most papaya fruits, along with beta carotene and an enzyme called papain, an enzyme that helps digest proteins. The vitamins in papaya are often nourishing for the skin, especially for those with blemishes and scars. The antioxidants in these vitamins purportedly helps wash away dead and dry skin cells very quickly, promoting the growth of new, healthy skin. This quick turnover of skin growth typically helps fade scars, heal blemishes, and helps scabbed-over wounds become soft and pliable again more quickly. The papain enzyme helps the vitamins in the papaya soap to do their work, in addition to performing several functions of its own. Papaya also helps to keep the skin soft, pliable, and new-looking, making it a popular facial soap. Its exfoliating properties promote smooth skin and may help remove uneven coloring and dark spots over time. Some manufacturers advertise very fast spot correction with papaya soap, but papaya alone will not usually remove spots quickly. Several months of using the soap may show results in this area. Those with food allergies should read labels closely to make sure they won’t have an adverse reaction to their chosen soap. Core benefit of the product: 1. Fade scars and black stain Papaya Soap can get rid of scars as Papaya soap contains Papain which will removes sore and injured skin. Papaya soap can also be used to eliminate black spots of the skin, to fade scars, stimulate the formation of new skin cells and it should constant use until the skin return to normal. 2. Overcome the problem of acne Acne arises usually caused by cell exfoliation of dead skin cells that clog the pores of the skin. This resulted in the formation of dead skin cells and when met with excessive oil production will cause instances of causes acne. Therefore, Papaya soap act effectively to peel the dead skin cells so that acne will not popup, and at the same time it will remove the scars of acne overtime. 3. Whitening and Skin Whitening Equipped with Cocoa extract to soften new skin cells, soap also contains papaya enzyme papain to regenerate new skin cells. With regular application, your skin will become bright, white, and stain-free. Picture of Location The location of the business is in 1570 Dela Paz Bldg. Dapitan St. Sampaloc, Manila Measurement As we know there’s a lot of Papaya soap that have been produce in market now days such as Likas Papaya Soap, Silka Papaya soap, Royale Beauty Kojic Papaya Soap and ect. So for our Papaya soap brand name, we choose to use MESTISA (whitening soap). We choose this name because as we can see after using this Papaya Soap we can see the differences after using it. Rough skin, flake skin, oily skin and so on can become smooth, fresh and the oily skin will be decrease after using this papaya soap. So that’s why we choose Pure White and it is also shows the consumers about the naturality if they used our product. Price List Small- P600 Big- P800 Logo Front view: Back view: This example of our product packaging. In front of our soap box as we can see there’s our product name Mestiza, which picture of girl and Papaya fruit which mean, if we use this soap then our skin will be look more white and become natural like the girl in the picture and the green circle and the star mean is made by 100% papaya fruit. We also choose the orange color because it is show the originality of the papaya fruit. On the top of the packaging the sentence is explaining briefly about our product. â€Å"Bathing your skin with a new young beauty MESTIZA (whitening soap). It is made to gently cleanse and deeply nourish your skin, leaving it soft, smooth and refreshed. 100% derived from the papaya fruit extracts that help to whiten skin and smoothens for all kind’s of skin. † On back of this box customer can see the ingredients of our product. The ingredient of our product is Coconut Nucifera, RicinusCommunis, Oil, Sodium Hydroxide, Glycerin and another substan ces that have been allowed. How to use this soap: lather in the palm of our hand. Apply on wet face and gently massage, concentrating on forehead, nose and chin. Avoid eye contour areas, in case of contact with the eyes, rinse immediately. Suitable for daily usage. You can use it for shower and face, massage your body 2-3 minute then wash it with water. And as we see there’s â€Å"Halal† logo, this product can be used for any people (can be used whether muslim and non-muslim). We also put our company logo there which the blue circle means that our product will be sell around the world and the good sign is customer will satisfied and will not disappointed about our product. Benefit of this product 1. Papaya Soap for Dark Spots and Skin Whitening As we know, papaya soap is quite famous because of its can make our skin  lightening. Using these papaya soap, dark spots will disappear in just a few weeks. It can minimize the body’s production of melanin which is the main cause of the darkening of our skin. Papaya soap not only lighten your skin’s complexion but more importantly is evens it out so that you don’t have dark areas in your face, dark underarms or elbows and minimize the discoloration caused by scars. 2. Papaya Soap for Acne and Skin Exfoliation As you use papaya soap, the papaya enzyme that’s a natural substance found in the papaya fruit, promotes the removal of dead skin. Dean skin can dry up your skin leaving it itchy and rough. Skin exfoliation is also important so that no other elements like dirt and dust particles are trapped in your skin which can cause pimples and blackheads. Through daily use of papaya soap, Acne and scars will be minimized and you’ll exfoliate your skin making it softer, whiter and pimple free. 3. Leaves your Skin Healthy and Smooth One of the signs of an unhealthy skin is dryness. If you are scratching often or have noticed cracked on skin patches, then you may already have dry skin. Papaya soap is one of the more effective treatments to dry skin as it rejuvenates the skin. 4. Papaya Soap Heals Acne and Pimple Scars Since Papaya soap mainly flake the skin, it can unclog pores that have been backed up by dead skin cells and over production of sebum, the natural oil that our skin secretes. Pimples appear when dead skin and sebum are not immediately washed away. This is why, we should regular use of papaya soap, acne can be avoided and you can prevent any breakouts of those embarrassing rashes and pimples. 5. Relieves Pain from Insect Bites A fact about the papaya enzyme is that it can breakdown proteins and the toxins left by an insect bite. Rinsing and washing a bug bite and stings with papaya soap and water can relieve the pain and itching. This can be a very welcome idea especially if medical creams are unavailable. Variety of the product line 1. Shapes We just make our product into rectangle shape. This is because if we make it like that it will be easy to hold and can be divides by for easy use if needed, depending on customer convenience. 2. Color We used orange as our primary color for our product because it will shows the originality of product that it has been made of 100% from the fruit itself. Plus, we also make it orange to make sure customers are not confused. If we make our soap from papaya, we should try to make the product exactly the same color as the fruit, otherwise the customers will not even bother buying it. 3. Scent and Flavor The scent and flavors of course, we used the papaya’s natural ingredient to make our soap, not only for facial use but at the same time for aromatherapy. The customers will feel relax and refresh after each use of our product. Target market/customer for the cosmetic product Our target market is men and women between 18-30 who are still students or recent graduate. They are most likely the target group who really wanted to care of their appearance. They are energetic, like going out with their friends and wanted to look elegant in the public. We also focus on a woman who already married with an age between 30-50. Even though they are married, they really wanted to look beautiful for their husband. Young men and women who are still a student are really focused on studying and most of them do not have at least a part-time job. They rely on their parents to send them money. Their budget is limited for food and some other expenses to cover up. Rather than purchase an expensive cosmetics products, they probably turn to some cheap products that have the same effect. Lastly, we also focus on customers who have severe acne problem. People with acne problem tend to avoid going out in the public because there are too ashamed of their appearance. Sometime commercial product does not work at all and some branded goods are expensive. The marketing mix/4P application 1. Product Our traditional cosmetics focus on customers who wanted their facial skin to be free of black spot and look radiant. They do not need to spend their money on some expensive facial whitening product. Nowadays, women are not the only one who worried about appearances, even men wanted to be beautiful for their own image. In order to meet customer’s expectation, we introduced product that gives them the same effect as other expensive cosmetic products in form of a soap that is easy to use with just a cheap price. 2. Price The suggested retail price of P60.00 each which is the cheapest whitening product in market yet. Those who cannot afford to purchase an expensive cosmetic product, the customers can turn to this product as an alternative for their facial problems. 3. Promotion The promotion aspect for this product only apply to advertising, we make advertisement using internet, poster sites and newspapers. Other promotional methods include sales promotions, direct mail, and demonstration. In overseeing the product’s success, we will offer a special promotion for the products before integrating it into normal inventory. 4. Place Our products will be most likely to be sold in place where other cosmetics products are sold, but we will also put the product in a supermarket of grocery store. This way the customer would not have the problem to buy the product because it is easy to find. Most of facial product or cosmetics product have the same purpose, and that is to be used by customers and gain profit from it. The companies or certain organization claiming that their product is better that the others and vice versa. At the end of the day, customers are the only people who will decide which product is better. Customers nowadays like cosmetics product that will show the result faster. So, it will be natural that the customers will try to avail variety among the different brands, which is the reason why different brands or products give discounts and launch new stuff. Brand Decision process depends on economic view such that if a buyer knew about any cosmetic products in less price and more benefits then definitely he or she will consume it, therefore  our product offer more benefits in reasonable price for consumer to make a favorable decision. Consumers search for goods that fulfill their needs and enrich their lives. Our products go beyond delivery of a commodity or service; they pursue the development of a long term profitable relationship with their customers.Customers will buy our product mainly because of three factors fragrance, package and ingredients. Computation (Income Statement) Reference 1. http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/benefits-of-papaya-for-skin-and-hair/ 2. http://www.sabunpepaya.net/ 3. http://khasiatdaunpepaya.blogspot.com/2013/05/manfaat-sabun-pepaya-untuk-kecantikan.html 4. http://www.ehow.com/about_6783990_papaya-soap-skin-whitening.html 5. http://www.livestrong.com/article/230286-what-are-the-benefits-of-papaya-soap/ 6. http://www.info.com/papaya%20soap?cb=63&cmp=2884

Culture Globalization and Its Impact on Recreation Culture Essay

The world had occupied through the latest twenty century until that day by globalization theory, its concept and future impacts . the scientists opinions had varied about globalization repercussions at rising countries including the Arab and Islamic countries . cultural globalization is one of globalization fields which correlated by cultural side , all life fields impacted by globalization , the sport field is one of fields which impact by social phenomenon what appear on societies , but globalization appearance and its effect on any field will connected by cultural and ideological debates what it’s to hard to predict its results. Cultural globalization is most important globalization fields , Arab makers decision are commit error if they believe that challenges of globalization period is only economic challenges but the most critical challenges in that field is cultural challenges . culture was found and persist as component in expeditions of ideological spreading . the culture object is increasing importance to globalization theory , that cultural exposure isn’t the mean to justifies but it become an aim. Media is essential transporter for globalization cultural , mass media is consider to millions of people the main medium to getting the cultural and by fast development to mass media the world become small village and the cultural globalization was appeared . the modern mass media played the greater mission in publishing cultural globalization that this mass media distinct by fast diffusion and crossing the countries with out censorship. The satellite , computer , internet is consider the most using recreational and mass media, it is one of the important mediums to publishing culture . if the local culture will be changed as a result of publishing cultural globalization that the recreational culture isn’t far about this changing , cultural globalization inseparable part of the public culture , so we must know the impact of cultural globalization as social phenomenon at recreational culture for university youth , the youth is the main element in society and the mover energy for development plans , this group is affected most by contemporary world , regional and local changes for them . The societies interested by physical and recreational culture and try to fix knowledge and recreation aspects which help to develop the social and national positive aspects . thus it’s important to analyze the common recreational cultural to the most important group of people groups and also know the impact of the new social phenomenon on this culture to Evaluate according to nationality values and habits . No doubt that the cultural globalization is most important and critical world phenomenon impact on culture of youth generally and in their recreation culture especially the study is contribute in analyzing the recreational culture for university youth , the available data contribute in understanding this recreational culture and how to evaluate it also selection of elements which effect on recreational culture help us in utilization from its positivism and resistant its negativism. The research aims knowledge the effect of cultural globalization on : 1. philosophy and concept of recreation for university youth 2. tendency of university youth which relate to recreation activities 3. knowledges of university youth which relate to recreation activities. 4. the recreational activities practicing for university youth 5. sociality values which relate to recreation activities the research hypotheses 1. cultural globalization effect on increasing perception of recreation philosophy and concept 2. cultural globalization effect on increasing university youth tendency toward recreation activities 3. cultural globalization effect on increasing university youth knowledges toward recreation activities 4. cultural globalization effect on decreasing in the recreational activities practicing for university youth. 5. cultural globalization effect on weakening the sociality values of university youth which relate to recreation activities the research procedures the research fields geographic field : Zagazig and 6 October university temporal field : scholastic year 2005 / 2006 human field : students of governmental university as zagazig university and one of private university as 6 october university the research sample 1619 student was selected by percentage 10% from total society, the sample was drawn randomly the method the researcher use the descriptive method that is suitable for study tools of data collection. 1. questionnaire for exploration of experts opinion about the mediums of spreading the cultural globalization 2. questionnaire for exploration of experts opinion about the questionnaire centers of cultural globalization and its effect on recreational culture for university youth 3. questionnaire for exploration of experts opinion about questionnaire of cultural globalization and its effect on recreational culture for university youth 4. Questionnaire of cultural globalization and its effect on recreational culture for university youth and applying it to study sample the survey study the researcher applied the questionnaire and repeated the application at 100 student out field of research sample , to know how could the research sample understood the elements of questionnaire and checking the reliability coefficient also checking questionnaire validity by reviewing it in final form by experts . The main study the questionnaire applied on research sample in the scholastic year 2005 / 2006 , the researcher emptying and classification the students answers on questionnaire elements in order to use it in statistical tests the statistical treatments Microsoft excel was used to calculate the percentage and SPSS program was used to make the following statistical treatments : |1. Average |2. Standard Deviation | | 3. Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) |4. Chi- Square test | |5- Lest Significant Deference ( L S D ) |6- T- test | CONCLUSIONS 1. modern mass media is the most important mass to spend spare time , its dangerous increased if it used with out the orientation and supervision . 2. the use of this mass as increase as the economic level of youth increased. 3. if the economic level of youth increased , the use of this mass will increased 4. university youth tendency increased toward activities of sportive , culturally , artistical , and sociality as a result of using internet , also the knowledge increased toward activities of sportive , culturally , artistical , and sociality also practice increased toward culturally and sociality activities , internet was supporting friendship , the ability on achievement , freedom , flexibility values 5. university youth tendency increased toward activities of sportive and artistical as a result of using internet , also the knowledge increased toward activities of sportive and artistical , also practice increased toward artistical activities , satellite was supporting flexibility values 6. university youth tendency increased toward activities of sportive , culturally and artistical as a result of using computer , also the knowledge increased toward activities of sportive , culturally and artistical , also practice increased toward culturally and artistical activities , computer was supporting honesty , time respect , honoring , freedom , flexibility, the ability on achievement ,subjection , leadership and humility values. 7. cultural globalization effected in increasing perception of recreation philosophy and concept for university youth. 8. in spite of increasing the tendency towards some recreational activities that wasn’t effected in tendency toward recreation activities in general 9. in spite of increasing knowledge towards some recreational activities as a result of using modern mass media that knowledge was weakened in general according to that cultural globalization effected in decreasing knowledges toward recreation activities. 10. cultural globalization contributed in weakness the recreational activities practicing 11. cultural globalization contributed in weakness sociality values which relate to recreation activities. Recommendation 1. cooperation of society establishments as home , school and mass media in youth enlightenment about damages of negative programs which published by modern mass media 2. participation of parents with sons in seeing and using the modern mass media to avoid isolation of youth and choosing unpurposeful programs. 3. organizing the using of the modern mass media during the spare time 4. university is consider one of the most sociality establishments which making the cultural fortification against foreign cultural trends so it must be interested with recreational activities in university out the competition field under professional supervision to fix the positive sociality value 5. opening active center in university for students after lectures not limited by work official times. 6. set up symposiums increasing the consciousness for university youth toward what publishing by the modern mass media and hint about its dangerous 7. interest by presenting purposeful media programs which contribute in publishing and supporting positive value 8. supporting inventor computer program to invent computer games which spread the real sociality facts , habits and values written by :Sameh Hassan.

J.K. Rowling - 1595 Words

J.K. Rowling. There are few in the world now who do not know her name. Rowling’s seven-book Harry Potter series has spawned movies, numerous games, clothing, toy lines, as well as many other items. Her high fan-base has been responsible for the creation of well over 570,000 individual Harry Potter based fan-fiction in several languages, as well as several popular and thriving fan-based websites such as MuggleNet.com and The Leaky Cauldron. All said there is no doubt that her works are popular, even beloved all around the world with very little exception. However when reading Harry Potter, what on the surface seems to be a great children’s story of good versus evil becomes inundated with darker messages when the reader takes the time to†¦show more content†¦Granted Dumbledore cared for Harry more than any other in his own way, but it was Dumbledore who demanded Harry be left with his bitter relatives. It was Dumbledore who hired the fraud Lockhart, the drunken T relawney, and even hired Quirrel who had the parasitic life form of Voldemort attached to the back of his head. It was Dumbledore who sent two thirteen-year-old out with a Ministry regulated time-turner out to try and save the condemned Buckbeak and innocent Azkaban escapee Sirius Black. It was Dumbledore who gifted eleven-year-old Harry the Invisibility cloak with the instructions to â€Å"[u]se it well (1:202)† thus encouraging a great deal of adventures and rule-breaking. Society is taught that two wrongs do not make a right, and that the road to hell is paved with good intentions, yet â€Å"Harry’s disobedience is often overlooked and even rewarded and†¦Rowling seems to glorify the fact that Harry often does the wrong thing for the right reasons. 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The Concert of Europe Essay - 1082 Words

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After a combination of the Spanish army and British navy destroyed the absolutist forces of King Miguel and Don Carlos in the spring of 1834, Miguel fled but Carlos presented more of a problem, as he renewed his claim and raised more troops, joining forces with the Basques in their flight for independence. But neither Britain nor France was prepared for Guerrilla warfare so they therefore refused the Spanish Queen’s appeals for official military aid in 1835, sending token forces of volunteers or irregular troops instead. The recriminations between Britain and France was as a result from Palmerston’s reluctance to allow France the opportunity to restore her influence in Madrid by lending more effective aid to the liberal causes. The friction that was being created by France’s and Britain’s involvement with the Spanish crisis was proving to be a threat to the Concert of Europe. 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Supernatural Elements Of The Nineteenth Century - 1693 Words

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This spiritual and artistic movement rejected rationalism, and emerged as a reaction against ‘the age of enlightenment’, which put strong emphasis on reason and logic. Thus, for the Romantics, literary creation was what the artist produced after reconstructing or developing a new interpretation of the world around him. It was the offspring of imagination applied to the writer’s impressions of real life. Authors such as Coleridge, Blake, and Shelley, believed that literary creation was the product of transforming reality into something beyond reason, but not beyond theShow MoreRelatedUse of Gothic Elements in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1740 Words   |  7 PagesUSE OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTES ‘JANE EYRE Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre was published in the middle of the nineteenth century. Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. 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Ernest Hemingway The Man and Essay Example For Students

Ernest Hemingway The Man and Essay By: Laura Wiser Ernest Hemingway The Man and His Work On July 2, 1961, a writer whom many critics call the greatest writer of this century, a man who had a zest for adventure, a winner of the Nobel Prize and the Pulitzer Prize, a man who held esteem everywhere on that July day, that man put a shotgun to his head and killed himself. That man was Ernest Hemingway. Though he chose to end his life, his heart and soul lives on through his many books and short stories. Hemingways work is his voice on how he viewed society, specifically American society and the values it held. No other author of this century has had such a general and lasting influence on the generation which grew up between the world wars as Ernest Hemingway (Lania 5). The youth that came of age during this time came to adopt the habits, way of life, and essentially the values of Hemingways characters. The author , however, was just depicting his characters as he saw the typical American in the 1920s. In his mind this meant a people filled with melancholy denial. Hemingway became the chief reporter of what became known as the Lost Generation. This phrase is attributed to Gertrude Stein, a friend of Hemingways, who meant youth, angry with life itself after the war; drowning themselves in alcohol; sleeping away the days and sharing their beds with a new partner each night. Thus, Hemingway depicts America as a society with a profuse amount of twisted values. A constant theme runs through all of Hemingways work. That man can be defeated but not destroyed. Once such novel that depicts this, as well as American values, is A Farewell to Arms. During the course of the story, the two main characters lieutenant Frederick Henry and nurse Catherine Barkley, become the victims of a cruel and hostile age. Their love story, which starts in a field hospital where the lieutenant is being treated for severe leg injuries, ends with Catherines death. She dies in childbirth but it is actually the war that condemns them both to destruction. After the Italian defeat at Caporetto, the lieutenant becomes a deserter. He flees with his now impregnated lover to Switzerland, but they cannot escape the despair and horror of the war. Their attempts to wipe it out by consuming bottle after bottle of alcohol has only ill effects. This novel is a drawn out definition of Steins generation. It is the story of a man torn apart by the reality of war and love. In the beginning of the war Frederick is disappointed at the lack of action. When his first test on the field of battle occurs, however, he sees the truth of war as a friend dies in his arms. At first the reader may think that the lieutenant was insensitive, but his true feelings show in these two lines: I wiped my hand on my shirt and another floating light came very slowly down and I looked at my leg and was very afraid. Oh, God, I said, get me out of here. (Hemingway 55) From this point on the war begins to break him down. The lieutenants increasing consumption of alcohol lets on that he is trying to avoid thinking about what has happened to him. The wine flows so freely that the porter at the hospital carries out the lieutenants trash by the sack load. The drinking causes him to have jaundice as well as happy thoughtsthe price he pays for the liquor. Hemingway shows American drinking habits in this book which coincide with Steins idea. .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f , .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .postImageUrl , .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f , .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f:hover , .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f:visited , .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f:active { border:0!important; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f:active , .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u261d03bde1e3d6debe215f49c7a9177f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder2 Essay Frederick, like many men and women in the 1920s, sought to avoid his problems by turning to alcohol to make him feel better about himself and his situation. Along with a drinking problem the bedridden man decides to take his nurse as his lover. Lieutenant Frederick convinces himself he is in love with her and thinks nothing of it when he finds the nurse is with child. To avert his attention from the war he takes responsibility for Catherine and in the end becomes a deserter only to have his lover

Swidden Farming

Swidden farming or shift farming refers to an agricultural system in which fields are cleared, cultivated and fallowed (Vogt, 1999). Globally, farmers have employed this system for the last eight thousand years. It has since then been associated with the shifting patterns in cultivation necessitated by soil exhaustion (Vogt, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Swidden Farming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To regenerate soil fertility and exploit nutrients in a natural vegetation soil cover, farmers have to regularly abandon and shift their farming sites. However, despite its widespread use, swidden farming is no longer sustainable in the contemporary societies in most of the developing countries (Vogt, 1999). Although this farming technique has been efficient in the past, it has proved to be unsustainable with the current increase in the global population (Vogt, 1999). Beyond a certain population limit, the sustainability of the technique ceases as land productivity fails to meet the ever-increasing population density. Similarly, the increase in population densities in developing countries has resulted in land scarcity as the available land is overused which leads decreased productivity value (Vogt, 1999). With the destruction of vegetation cover, soil quality is compromised and gradually becomes poor in supporting crop farming. Through cutting, slashing and burning of vegetation cover, destruction of soil nutrients occur (Hirst, 1988). As a result, soil fertility may completely diminish for the preceding vegetation cover. As illustrated by most communities practicing swidden farming, the technique entails cutting down trees from a virgin land (Hirst, 1988). Thereafter, the trees are used for charcoal production. In the subsequent year, the piece of land is set on fire to allow the growth of grass for cattle. Through this process, large-scale soil erosion is usually unavoidable as the re are no plant roots to provide support to the soil (Hirst, 1988). Consequently, water will eventually wash away the few remaining nutrients from the soil. Due to these negative impacts on the soil, shifting farming has ceased to be sustainable as it productivity cannot support the ever increasing human population.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ultimately, the shifting of land ownership from community to individuals will eventually face out shifting farming, as there will be considerably limited land available for these practices (Ballard, 2009). Individual land ownership allows the subdivision of land into small portions owned by individuals or private ventures. These small portions will necessitate innovative farming techniques to maximize and increase productivity. Therefore, as more societies shift to adopt individual land ownership in the near future, the practice of shift f arming will slowly turn into an unsustainable farming venture (Ballard, 2009). The labor and time required in slashing and burning in shift farming is enormous. Coupled with its poor returns, shift farming is currently unsustainable and uneconomical (Ballard, 2009). Instead, farmers should explore other alternative farming techniques to improve on their productivity and economic returns. Among these preferred alternatives is the adoption of modern farming techniques that allow the production of sufficient food to feed the increasing population. Furthermore, these techniques are environmentally friendly and economically viable (Ballard, 2009). Globally, climate change has been the main reason for dwindling farm returns. Global warming occurs due to the emission of carbon dioxide and other green house gases. Swidden farming has been blamed as a chief contributor of green house gases (Ballard, 2009). Thus, the continued use of this system of farming results in numerous adverse effects on the environment. It is evident that swidden farming is not only unsustainable, but also hazardous to the environment. References Ballard, C. (2009). Sustainable farming. Mankato, Minn.: Arcturus Pub..Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Swidden Farming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hirst, J. (1988). Small-scale agriculture. Canberra: Commonwealth Foundation, Commonwealth Geographical Bureau and Dept. of Human Geography. Vogt, D. (1999). Swidden farming and fallow vegetation in northern Thailand. Stuttgart: Steiner. This essay on Swidden Farming was written and submitted by user Shaniya O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.